Journal of medical and pharmaceutical sciences
The Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences is an international, peer-reviewed, specialized, indexed, and licensed journal. Published quarterly (every 3 months) by the Arab Institute for Science and Research Publishing (AISRP) as part of its prestigious scientific series, the journal aims to disseminate carefully selected peer-reviewed medical and pharmaceutical research to enhance the field of medical and pharmaceutical sciences in the Arabic library. The current Editor-in-Chief is Professor Wafaa Abdel-Azim Al-Husseini. The journal encompasses comprehensive areas: clinical medicine and therapeutics, pharmaceutical sciences and drug development, pharmacology and toxicology, public health and epidemiology, biomedical research, pathology and laboratory medicine, nursing and healthcare management, traditional and complementary medicine, medical biotechnology, clinical pharmacy practice, health informatics, and translational medicine connecting bench research to bedside applications. The publication strives for excellence in advancing healthcare knowledge through rigorous scientific inquiry that improves patient outcomes and pharmaceutical practices. Adhering to stringent international peer-review protocols, it ensures dissemination of impactful research that establishes its authority as a vital reference for healthcare professionals, researchers, and policymakers regionally and globally.
The Arab Institute for Science and Research Publishing (AISRP)
Cancer Burden in the Red Sea State, Sudan: A Ten Years of Incidence, Distribution, and Trends: (2016 - June 2025)
Cancer is an increasing health concern in the Red Sea State while population-based data remain scarce. Aim: To describe adult cancer incidence, geographic distribution and trends in the Red Sea State between 2016 and 30 June 2025 and to assess the impact of the April 2023 armed conflict and patient displacement on registry measures. Patients and Methods: A descriptive retrospective review of all histopathologically confirmed adult cancer cases registered at Port Sudan Oncology Centre (POC) from 2016 to 30 June 2025 (n=3,265). Demographic and clinical data were abstracted from paper and electronic records; analyses used SPSS v20 to compute frequencies, age- and sex-specific and age-standardized rates; chi-square test evaluated associations (p<0.05). Results: A total of 3,265 cases were recorded (annual caseload ≈300–350; overall incidence 36.5/100,000). Females predominated (F:M = 1.74:1). Top five primary sites were breast (26.0%), leukaemia (12.4%), head & neck (7.7%), prostate (7.5%) and oesophagus (6.5%). The largest proportion was aged 59–78 (43.9%); 84.6% resided in Port Sudan. The 2023 conflict and subsequent displacement increased referrals to POC (≈21.4% of new patients in early 2024 were displaced). Conclusion: This is the largest contemporary survey of cancer burden in the Red Sea State. Findings highlight the urgent need to strengthen regional cancer registration, expand targeted prevention and screening, improve access to diagnostics and treatment, and plan resources to mitigate the impact of conflict on cancer care.
Copyright (c) 2025 The Arab Institute for Science and Research Publishing (AISRP) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Ultrasound-Detected Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Hepatopathy (MASH) Prevalence in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Attending Primary Care
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic hepatopathy (MASH) is a common hepatic complication in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and its underdiagnosis in primary care often delays timely interventions and increases the risk of advanced liver disease. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ultrasound-detected MASH in T2DM patients attending primary care and examine its association with demographic and clinical factors. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 500 T2DM patients aged 30–80 years who attended three primary care clinics between January and June 2025. Abdominal ultrasonography was performed to detect hepatic steatosis using standardized criteria, and demographic and clinical data, including age, sex, body mass index, diabetes duration, and liver enzyme levels, were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, with subgroup comparisons by age and sex. MASH was identified in 199 patients (39.8% of the total). The prevalence increased steadily with age, from 11.1% in the 30–39 group to 58.3% in those aged 70–80. Females showed a slightly higher overall prevalence (41.1%) than males (38.7%), with a marked increase after the age of 50 years. Patients with MASH were significantly older than those without non-MASH patients (58.3 vs. 52.7 years, p < 0.01). In conclusion, ultrasound-detected MASH is highly prevalent in T2DM patients, particularly among older adults and postmenopausal women, with age emerging as the most significant risk factor. Therefore, routine ultrasound screening should be incorporated into diabetes care protocols, especially for patients > 50 years of age, to enable timely interventions and reduce the burden of chronic liver disease.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitushepatic steatosis
Comparative Study of Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis
This comprehensive comparative study aims to elucidate the distinctive and overlapping aspects of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. These two prevalent chronic inflammatory skin diseases substantially impact global health. Employing a systematic literature review of peer-reviewed articles, clinical trials, and meta-analyses from 2010 to 2024, the research synthesises current evidence on epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, comorbidities, disease burden, and management approaches. Key findings highlight that while both conditions share immune dysregulation and impaired skin barrier function, psoriasis is primarily driven by the IL-23/Th17 axis with characteristic scaly plaques and significant cardiovascular and musculoskeletal comorbidities. In contrast, atopic dermatitis stems from filaggrin deficiency and Th2-biased immunity, presenting with pruritic, lichenified lesions and frequent atopic comorbidities such as asthma and allergies. Both diseases profoundly diminish quality of life through physical symptoms and psychological distress. The study emphasises the necessity of accurate differential diagnosis and advocates for patient-centred, multidisciplinary care strategies that encompass personalised therapeutic plans, psychosocial support, and education to manage these lifelong conditions effectively. Recommendations call for increased public awareness, enhanced diagnostic precision, comprehensive management incorporating mental health, and equitable access to advanced biologic treatments to improve patient outcomes and reduce systemic disease burden.
Epidemiological Analysis of Diphtheria Cases in Hodeida, Yemen: A Review of Admission Records from 2018 to 2022
Diphtheria is a potentially fatal infectious disease caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a non-encapsulated, gram-positive bacillus. The disease is primarily transmitted through close respiratory contact, leading to nasopharyngeal infections that may cause airway obstruction and, in severe cases, systemic involvement. Yemen had not previously experienced large-scale outbreaks until a major epidemic emerged between October 2017 and August 2018, during which 2,203 suspected cases were reported, resulting in 116 deaths. Objective: to conduct an epidemiological analysis of diphtheria cases in Hodeida, Yemen. Methodology: The study design was a descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional hospital-based study. The sample size comprised the total number of diphtheria patients who attended Al-Thawra General Hospital in Hodeidah Governorate, Yemen, during the study period from 2018 to 2022; where their number reached 534 cases. Results: the results indicated that the prevalence of diphtheria in Hodeida governorate was 534 cases. The highest prevalence was in Al-Hawk District, with 129 cases, or 24% of the cases, followed by Al-Hali District, with 106 cases, or 19.8%. The study results showed that (63%) of the participants infected with diphtheria were females, while (37%) were males. The children aged 10 years and under were the most affected during this diphtheria outbreak (46.54%), compared to those in the older age group 11-20, which was 29.16% as well. The prevalence of diphtheria was highest among those with incomplete vaccination (7.9 %). Conclusion: the study found a significant increase in the prevalence of diphtheria in Hodeida governorate. As well as showing that incomplete vaccinations are associated with higher rates of several complications.
The Role of Patient Complaint Handling in Improving Healthcare Quality: A Field Study at Jazan General Hospital - Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2025
This study addressed the problem of increasing complaint indicators and the failure to utilize them as an opportunity for continuous improvement, examining four main dimensions: administrative, human, technical, and organizational. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the role of handling patient complaints across these dimensions (administrative, human, technical, and organizational) in improving the quality of healthcare. The study focused on Jazan General Hospital in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. To achieve this, the study employed a descriptive-analytical approach, starting from the main hypothesis: "There is no statistically significant role for effectively handling patient complaints (in all its dimensions) in raising the quality of healthcare at Jazan General Hospital." Data was collected using a questionnaire and open-ended interviews with two purposive samples selected from individuals who had previously submitted complaints between January 1, 2025, and June 30, 2025. The first sample consisted of 375 individuals who completed an online questionnaire. The second sample consisted of 25 individuals who participated in open-ended interviews. The study reached a number of conclusions, most notably: the results of the hypothesis testing demonstrated a statistically significant impact of all dimensions of patient complaint handling (administrative, human, technical, and organizational) on improving the quality of healthcare. This led to the rejection of all null hypotheses and the acceptance of the alternative hypotheses. The "technical aspect" dimension ranked first with a mean score of 4.01 and a high degree of agreement, indicating a strong belief among study participants that analyzing complaint data effectively contributes to identifying weaknesses and preventing the recurrence of problems. The results in the administrative dimension showed a weakness in communication with patients after their complaints were resolved, with this item receiving the lowest mean score (2.65).
Table of Content: The Role of Patient Complaint Handling in Improving Healthcare Quality: A Field Study at Jazan General Hospital - Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2025 Dr. Hamad Mohammed Mania, Mrs. Mona Ali Daraaj Epidemiological Analysis of Diphtheria Cases in Hodeida, Yemen: A Review of Admission Records from 2018 to 2022 Dr. Najeeb M.S. Moulhee, Dr. Sadeq Abdo Mohammed Alwesabi ,Dr. Mogeeb Saeed Taha , Dr. Ahmed Suliman Mohamed Majam Comparative Study of Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis Asst- Lecturer / Fatima Rashid Mohan Ultrasound-Detected Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Hepatopathy (MASH) Prevalence in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Attending Primary Care Muammar Basheer Yasir, Dr. Al-Mottesembellah Abdalruhman Gaiz, Noor Abdulredha Jaleel Cancer Burden in the Red Sea State, Sudan: A Ten Years of Incidence, Distribution, and Trends: (2016 - June 2025) Dr. Awad Abdalla Widaa
Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Evaluation of Women’s Knowledge about Risk Factors and Early Detection of Breast Cancer among Women Working in Governmental Sector in Gaza Strip, Palestine
Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common prevailing type of women cancer and is the second cause of cancer-related mortality in women. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate women's knowledge about signs and symptoms, risk factors and early detection of breast cancer at governmental sector in Gaza Strip. Materials & Methods: The study utilized a cross-sectional design. The sample included 253 women employed in the ministries in Gaza Strip. Data were collected through a pre-tested self-administered questionnaire. The study was conducted during the period from January to June 2023. Results: The results showed that 47.4% of the study participants aged between 31 – 40 years, and 54.9% have bachelor degree. Regarding knowledge about importance of early detection of breast cancer, 59.7% of the study participants have good knowledge, 38.3% have moderate knowledge, and 2% have low knowledge. In addition, 27.3% know that change in breast shape and size, painless breast mass, armpit node, abnormal secretions from the nipple, and thickness of breast were among symptoms of BC. Concerning risk factors, 71.2% of women stated that increasing of age will increase the possibility of developing BC, 59.3% reported that absence of pregnancy and childbirth increase the possibility of developing BC. There were no significant association between knowledge about breast cancer with age (p-value 0.800), marital status (p-value 0.221), and level of education (p-value 0.742). Conclusion: The study concluded that women at governmental sector need more experience in dealing with breast cancer.
A Scientific Comparison of COVID-19 Vaccines: Composition, Characteristics, and Health Indicators
This study was conducted to provide a comprehensive scientific and analytical comparison of six internationally recognized COVID-19 vaccines (Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, AstraZeneca, Sinopharm, Sputnik V, and Johnson & Johnson) based on several scientific criteria, including manufacturer, chemical composition, packaging form, country of production, concentration level, advantages, and limitations. We adopted descriptive analytical methodology with information sourced from peer-reviewed Arabic and English references. These included clinical trial results, reports from global health organizations, and studies published in reputable scientific journals. One key finding of this study was that differences in vaccine chemical composition, particularly in the type of active agent used (e.g., mRNA, viral vectors, or inactivated viruses) exert fundamental impacts on variations in efficacy, distribution, and tolerability. Vaccines based on inactivated viruses, such as Sinopharm, tend to be safer and cause fewer side effects but show lower efficacy in elderly populations. In contrast, mRNA-based vaccines, such as Pfizer and Moderna, are more effective, especially in preventing severe infection. Studies conducted in Saudi Arabia and other Arab countries indicated that public trust in the Pfizer vaccine was higher in these regions than in other countries. This study concludes with several recommendations, including the need to diversify vaccine sources and tailor different types to different age groups and local storage capacities. It also highlights a need to establish a unified national registry to monitor post-vaccination side effects, enabling systematic data analysis and evidence-based decision-making, particularly with emerging or modified vaccines. Finally, this study calls for further research into vaccine efficacy within the Arab and Gulf contexts, emphasizing the importance of collaborative research between universities and health institutions across the region to develop a robust regional database that supports informed local policymaking.
Antibiotic Susceptibility of MRSA Isolates at Idlib University Hospital Using the Vitek-2 System
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is recognized as one of the most significant causes of hospital-acquired infections due to its high ability to acquire multidrug resistance, posing a major challenge to infection control. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of MRSA at Idlib University Hospital and evaluate its susceptibility to antibiotics and disinfectants. Methods: A total of 136 samples were collected from patients, healthcare staff, surfaces, and air in intensive care units, operating rooms, and hospital wards between June 15, 2023, and June 15, 2024. After excluding 11 duplicate samples, 125 valid, non-duplicate samples were analyzed. Samples were cultured on modified chromogenic agar containing cefoxitin, and identification was performed using the Vitek-2 system with the GP card. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted using the AST-P664 card, and disinfectant susceptibility was assessed by the disk diffusion method. Results: MRSA prevalence was 17.6% (22/125), distributed among patients (36.36%), healthcare staff (12.9%), and air samples (40%), with higher prevalence in males (50%) compared to females (30%). Isolates exhibited complete resistance to penicillin and methicillin (100%), high resistance to cefoxitin (75%), clindamycin and erythromycin (85%), oxacillin (70%), and fusidic acid (45%), while remaining fully susceptible (100%) to tigecycline, nitrofurantoin, and mupirocin. Regarding disinfectants, all isolates showed complete resistance (100%) to ethanol, high resistance to Cidex, and moderate susceptibility to povidone-iodine. Conclusions and Recommendations: MRSA is prevalent at Idlib University Hospital and exhibits multidrug resistance. Strict infection control measures should be implemented, physicians should perform identification and susceptibility testing before prescribing antibiotics, and disinfectant efficacy should be regularly monitored.
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
:Table of Content Antibiotic Susceptibility of MRSA Isolates at Idlib University Hospital Using the Vitek-2 System Dr. Amr Alkheer Ebrahim Bkhsow , Prof. Fouad Hamad Al-Daoud A Scientific Comparison of COVID-19 Vaccines: Composition, Characteristics, and Health Indicators Dr. Tareq Mohammed Al-Ahmadi Evaluation of Women’s Knowledge about Risk Factors and Early Detection of Breast Cancer among Women Working in Governmental Sector in Gaza Strip, Palestine Dr. Eman Suliman Hassouna
The Role of Mobile Health (mHealth) in Enhancing Healthcare Delivery in Remote Areas: A Systematic Review
Access to quality healthcare remains a critical challenge in remote and underserved areas, where geographical isolation, limited resources, and a shortage of skilled healthcare professionals contribute to health disparities (World Health Organization [WHO], 2021). Mobile health (mHealth), the use of mobile technologies for health services, has been proposed as a solution to bridge these gaps (Kallander et al., 2013). This systematic review synthesizes evidence from studies published between 2010 and 2024 to evaluate the effectiveness, challenges, and facilitators of mHealth in remote healthcare delivery. Findings indicate that mHealth interventions, including SMS reminders, teleconsultations, and mobile applications, have improved healthcare access, maternal and child health outcomes, chronic disease management, and disease surveillance (Feroz et al., 2020; Okeke et al., 2022). However, barriers such as poor digital literacy, limited infrastructure, and cultural resistance persist (Alami et al., 2020; Smith et al., 2023). The review underscores the need for integrated policies, community engagement, and capacity building to optimize the potential of mHealth in reducing healthcare inequities.
Copyright (c) 2025 Arab Institute of Sciences & Research Publishing - AISRP https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Table of Content: 1. Evaluation of the Quality of Health Services at Turkish Palestinian Friendship Hospital in Gaza Strip, Palestine: Patients’ Perspective Dr. Eman Suliman Hassouna 2. The Role of Mobile Health (mHealth) in Enhancing Healthcare Delivery in Remote Areas: A Systematic Review Muhammad Obaid M. Alotaibi
Evaluation of the Quality of Health Services at Turkish Palestinian Friendship Hospital in Gaza Strip, Palestine: Patients’ Perspective
Evaluating the quality of healthcare service is very important, because it help healthcare managers to allocate resources more efficiently. Goal: The goal of the study is to evaluate the quality of health services at Turkey Friendship Hospital in Gaza Strip, Palestine from patients' perspective. Methodology: The study used a mixed method of quantitative and qualitative approach. The sample of the study consisted of 150 cancer patients who are admitted to the hospital during data collection period, and 10 patients for personal interviews. For data collection, the researcher used the 22-item SERVQUAL Questionnaire, and constructive interview. The researcher used SPSS version 25 for statistical analysis. Results: The results showed that 71 (47.3%) of study participants were male patients and 79 (52.7%) were female patients, their mean age 49.58±11.691 years, mean days of admission was 3.67±1.616 days, mean years of having the disease was 3.49±2.160 years. 1.Regarding to quality of health services, the highest score was in assurance domain (m= 4.17, 83.4%), followed by tangibility (m= 4.13, 82.6%), and the lowest score was in empathy (m= 4.03, 80.6%). The overall mean score was 4.09 (81.8%). 2.Female patients expressed significant higher satisfaction with reliability (p= 0.000) and assurance (p= 0.011). 3.Patients with low education (prep school and less) expressed significant lower satisfaction with quality of health services compared to those who have secondary school and university education (p< 0.001). 4.Patients who have the disease for 2 years and less expressed significant lower satisfaction with quality of health services (p< 0.001). 5.Patients with prostatic cancer showed significant lower score in tangibility, reliability, and assurance, but no significant differences in the total score. 6.There were statistically no significant differences in patients' satisfaction with quality of health services related to age (p= 0.053), length of stay in the hospital (p= 0.340). Conclusion: The study reflected high satisfaction with the quality of health services at Turkish Friendship Hospital. Recommendations: The study recommended the need to pay more attention to the empathy and psychological aspects of care.
The Effect of Thermal Treatment on the Concentration of Common Antibiotics in Cow Milk Samples in Sudan
Antibiotics in veterinary treatment have increased owing to intensive animal breeding for human consumption, resulting in antibacterial residues in food and potential health risks. This study examined how pasteurization and boiling affected the amounts of commonly used antibiotics—Tylosin (TYLO), Enrofloxacin (ENRO), Ampicillin (AMP), and Oxytetracycline (OTC)—in fresh cow milk. Cow milk samples without antibiotics were added with three antibiotic concentrations (3, 6, and 9 ppm). Each concentration was heat-treated twice and analyzed by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry to determine antibiotic percentage reduction and kinetic degradation rate constants (k). The findings showed that all thermal treatments greatly reduced the initial antibiotic concentrations, with pasteurization being the most effective overall. Boiling raised k-values, suggesting faster deterioration. Boiling for 10 minutes works better than 5 minutes. For 5 minutes, there was a significant difference between pasteurization and boiling (P=0.002), but there was no significant difference after 10 minutes (P=0.09). TYLO decreased the most dramatically with pasteurization (49.3%-15%) as compared to boiling (30.4%-14.6%) and was much more influenced than OTC (46%-35.3%), ENRO (44.6%-32%), and AMP (30.6%-26.6%). The k-values for TYLO after pasteurization (0.0224 to 0.005) showed worse stability than other antibiotics. Boiling was very effective in lowering OTC concentrations (59%-15.3%), whereas ENRO and AMP showed the smallest decreases (11.6%-6.2% and 30.6%-26.6%, respectively). In summary, thermal treatments considerably reduced antibiotic concentrations in milk, with boiling displaying higher stability based on k-values, although pasteurization was more effective in terms of overall reduction based on breakdown rates. OTC had the most instability during boiling, while TYLO showed the least stability during pasteurization. AMP and ENRO were more stable over both treatments than OTC and TYLO, indicating that the effectiveness of thermal treatments is dependent on the individual antibiotic employed.
The extent of Yemeni society's acceptance of the application of artificial intelligence in the field of dentistry: A case study in the city of Taiz
Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in dentistry represent prominent technological innovations with the potential to revolutionize oral healthcare delivery by enhancing diagnostic accuracy and improving treatment efficiency through novel and effective methods.1 This study aimed to explore the acceptance of AI applications in dentistry within the Yemeni community, specifically in Taiz city, and to assess the level of awareness and understanding of this advanced technology. A descriptive analytical methodology was employed, utilizing a detailed questionnaire distributed to a random sample representing dentists, dental assistants, and dental patients. The results revealed that awareness of AI technologies and their applications in dentistry remains considerably limited, with a noticeable variation in opinions regarding the benefits and risks of this technology. The study identified cultural and social challenges impacting the implementation of AI in dentistry, such as concerns about the cost of new technology and fears of job displacement due to increased reliance on AI. Based on these findings, the study recommends the necessity of raising awareness and education about the benefits of AI, developing advanced training programs for dentists and practitioners, and improving healthcare infrastructure to facilitate the implementation of this technology and maximize its societal benefits.
Table of Content: 1. The extent of Yemeni society's acceptance of the application of artificial intelligence in the field of dentistry A case study in the city of Taiz Dr. Ahmed Mohammed Mahmood Abdulhameed ,Eng. Amer Abdo Mohammed Sufyan 2. The Effect of Thermal Treatment on the Concentration of Common Antibiotics in Cow Milk Samples in Sudan Dr. Tafaul Awad Mohamed Alawad, Dr. Amira A.A. Behairy, Dr. Muhanad M. A. Elhag, Dr. Shakir Saleem
Background: First aid training is very important as it proves to be an essential skill in helping someone in an emergency situation and saving lives. One of the benefits of incorporating first aid training in schools is that students get an opportunity to learn critical skills that may save a life. Objectives: This research was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of school-based first aid interventions in mitigating injuries, improving psychological health, and enhancing school safety. This paper also, assessed the current state of first aid education, exploring the benefits of early intervention, identifying challenges, and opportunities for interdisciplinary collaboration in implementing first aid programs. Methodology: An exhaustive survey of relevant literature was conducted including but not limited to periodicals, research papers, policy statements and government reports. Results: This study highlights the effectiveness of school-based first aid programs in enhancing school safety, reducing injury severity, and improving psychological well-being among students and staff. Despite these benefits, challenges like resource limitations and logistical barriers restrict widespread implementation. Effective collaboration among schools, community organizations, and healthcare providers is crucial to overcoming these obstacles and ensuring program success. Conclusion: The study concluded that first aid training in schools enhances safety, reduces injury severity, and improves psychological well-being. Collaboration between schools and health organizations is essential to overcome challenges and ensure successful implementation.
Copyright (c) 2024 Arab Institute of Sciences & Research Publishing - AISRP https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Studying the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of HealthCare Workers Towards Hepatitis B Virus Prevention in Hospitals, Hodeidah City, Yemen, 2024
Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a public health problem. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at a high risk for blood-borne pathogens due to their contact with patients and contaminated instruments. Vaccination of HCWs against HBV is standard practice in many countries but is often not implemented in resource-poor settings. to determine HBV knowledge attitude and practice, a study conducted in Al-Mukalla City a majority of participants had poor knowledge and practice about hepatitis B and its management. Also, the vast majority had a negative attitude toward hepatitis B virus . Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of HCWs towards hepatitis B infection in Hospitals, Hodeidah city. Methodology: We enrolled 290 HCWs from the main public and privet hospitals (Athwrah and Alamal Hospitals). Their demographics, medical histories, HBV vaccination details and risk factors for contracting blood-borne infections were collected using a standardized questionnaire. The study was conducted during the period of 1st of March to 1st of May 2024 . Results: The overall KAP scores of HCWs were found to be 20%, 99.7%, and 30%,were positive respectively. Most of the participants correctly recognized the HBV infection. Among the participants, only 15% had undergone screening for HBV, and 43.8% had received HBV vaccine. Moreover, only 43% had completed the three doses of vaccination for HBV. Among the HCWs, the group with higher education level had better knowledge than the group with lower education level. However, the attitude of most of the participants towards HBV prevention was found to be adequate . (99.7%). Conclusion: This study shows that HCWs in Hodeidah, Yemen is at high risk of HBV infection due to low vaccination coverage and inadequate infection control. Therefore, we strongly encourage providing an accessible and compulsory vaccination program for all HCWs to improve their attitude and awareness towards HBV infection and to achieve effective infection control.
Innovations and Challenges in Modern Ambulance Services
Objectives: This study investigates innovations and challenges in advancing ambulance services to ensure effective and safe out-of-hospital care, where patients may benefit from treatment at the scene or remain at home. This involves examining the integration of telemedicine, internet of things (IoT) connectivity, Artificial Intelligence )AI(, advanced life support, electronic patient records, and continuous vital sign monitoring to improve decision-making and emergency response. Methods: Through a comprehensive literature review, data was gathered on recent advancements in ambulance services. Key technological elements such as telemedicine applications, IoT-enabled devices, AI for emergency dispatching, mobile diagnostic tools, and electronic health records were analyzed. Emphasis was placed on how these technologies interact within the ambulance environment and the systemic challenges faced, including data security, interoperability, and infrastructure requirements. Results: Findings indicate that integrating these technologies can improve patient care by enabling real-time decision-making, reducing unnecessary transport, and providing access to remote medical expertise. However, issues such as data privacy, technological compatibility, and the need for robust internet connectivity remain significant barriers. Conclusions: Enhanced ambulance systems offer significant benefits for out-of-hospital care. Addressing operational challenges and implementing secure, interoperable solutions will be essential for realizing the full potential of these innovations, ultimately leading to more efficient and patient-centered emergency response.
Table of Content: 1. Innovations and Challenges in Modern Ambulance Services Mr. Alhassan Hamad Almass, Mr. Mana Mohammed Yaseen, Mr. Hussein Salem Al Mansour, Mr. Ali Salem Al Shaiban, Mr. Salaiman Turki Al Saab, Mr. Ali Moeed Almansour, Mr. Fahad Mohammad Zbid, Mr. Nawaf Mana Al Dwis 2. Studying the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of HealthCare Workers Towards Hepatitis B Virus Prevention in Hospitals, Hodeidah City, Yemen, 2024 Dr. Mogeeb Saeed Taha, Dr. Sadeq Abdo Mohammed Al-Wesabi, Dr. Khaled Al-Selwi, Dr. Mohammed Ahmed Suhail, Dr. Radman Ahmed Al-Nahary, Dr. Abdulaziz Ahmed Baalwi, Dr. Nabil Ahmed Saif Ghanim 3. First aid education in schools Mr. Hashil Hassan Al Hashil, Mr. Hassan Salem Al Hashil, Mr. Musalli Naji Al Alhareth , Mr. Hussein Yahya Al Mansour , Mr. Yaseen Mesfer Al Hutayla
Role of Abdominal Drain Post Open Appendectomy for Perforated Appendicitis Among acute appendicitis patients admitted to surgical ward in Al-Thawra Modern General Hospital and Al-Kuwait University Hospital from march 2022 to march 2023
Background : Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of surgical acute abdomen. Perforation of appendicitis is associated with increase risk of postoperative complications and mortality. Routine peritoneal drainage after appendectomy for perforated appendicitis remains a topic of debate. Objectives: To evaluate the benefit of abdominal drainage post open appendectomy for perforated appendicitis and to study the impact of abdominal drainage on post-operative complications and on length of hospital stay. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational, prospective study was conducted among 85 Patients with perforated appendicitis who underwent open appendectomy Al-Thawra Modern General Hospital and Al-Kuwait University Hospital in Sana'a city from March 2022 to March 2023..Data was analyzed using the statistic package SPSS 23. Results: 85 patients were classified into two groups based on intra-operative insertion of abdominal drainage. There were 50 patients in the drain group compared to 35 patients in the no-drain group. In both groups, majority of patients were male. Most of patients in both groups were in the age group (11-25 years). The main complain of patients was pain, which started around umbilicus, then shifted to right iliac fossa. All patients in both group had tenderness in right iliac fossa. Fever and rebound tenderness were prominent signs in both groups. Leukocytosis was present in 68 % of patients in the drain group compared to 80% in the no drain group. Most of patients in both groups had longer duration of symptoms for three days and more. The tip of appendix was the most common site of perforation in both groups. Surgical site infection occurred in 5 patients (10%) in the drain group compared to 2 patients (5.7%) in the no-drain group. Intra-abdominal abscess occurred in one patient in each the drain group and the no-drain group. Postoperative ileus occurred in one patient in the drain group compared to no patients in the no-drain group.
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis incidence in the Laayoune Sakia Al-Hamra region, Morocco: Retrospective analysis from 2019 to 2022
Introduction: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) presents a major public health challenge due to its therapeutic complexity and economic impacts. Materials and Methods: We conducted a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study at the centre for diagnosis of tuberculosis and respiratory diseases of Laayoune, Morocco, over four years, aiming to describe the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic, and evolutionary profiles of MDR-TB in the Laayoune Sakia Al Hamra region. Results: The annual incidence of MDR-TB was lower than the national incidence. Patients were primarily young men between the ages of 20 and 40 living in urban areas. The most frequent symptoms were cough and fever. All patients were diagnosed using molecular biology techniques (Genexpert, Genotype MTBDR plus and Genotype MTBDR sl). The short-course treatment resulted in a cure rate of 62.5%, with a 25% treatment abandonment rate and a 12.5% mortality rate. Risk factors for poor therapeutic response included smoking (p=0.02), weight loss (p=0.02), starting treatment during the COVID-19 period (p=0.02), and treatment abandonment with poor adherence (p=0.03). Conclusion: The results emphasize the need to address risk factors such as smoking and weight loss to improve the management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Short-term treatment is effective for eligible patients. Increasing awareness and implementing targeted interventions are crucial for enhancing treatment adherence and achieving better long-term outcomes.
Signs and Staging of Breast Cancer at Diagnosis During Active Conflict in Northwest Syria
Objective: : To study the clinical signs of patients with breast cancer in northwestern Syria and determine the type of breast cancer and the clinical stage at diagnosis. Methodology: This prospective study included 39 patients attending the General Surgery Clinic at Idlib University Hospital between 2021 and 2023. Data were collected using a special form. All patients underwent a triple breast Assessment ( History and clinical examination radiological investigations, biopsy), followed by the appropriate surgical procedure and histological examination of the resected specimen postoperatively. Results: : The average age of patients with breast cancer was 48.6 ± 13.77 years, with ages ranging from 24 to 83 years. Physical examination revealed that all patients had a palpable breast mass, with an average tumor size of 29 ± 13.38 mm. Histologically, 98% of the diagnosed breast cancer cases were invasive carcinomas, and 2% were in situ carcinomas. Regarding the type of cancer, 76.9% were invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC), 12.8% were invasive lobular carcinomas (ILC), 2.6% were mucinous carcinomas (MC), and 2.6% were mixed ductal and lobular carcinomas (IDC+ILC). The tumor grade of 61.5% of patients was Grade II. Histopathological results showed that 48.7% of patients were in the early stage, and 51.3% were in the late stages of the disease. Conclusion: Breast cancer in northwestern Syria affects both males and females, Among the affected individuals, 94.9% were women (37 cases) and 5.1% were men (2 cases) with most patients presenting in advanced stages and experiencing late symptoms and signs. Therefore, there is an urgent need to promote self-breast examination skills and implement screening programs for early detection, which should be endorsed by local health authorities.
Table of Content: 1. Signs and Staging of Breast Cancer at Diagnosis During Active Conflict in Northwest Syria Dr. Yahya A. Mutair, Asst-Prof. Fouad Al-Daoud, Prof. Gohar Mushtaq, Prof. Mahmoud Hariri 2. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis incidence in the Laayoune Sakia Al-Hamra region, Morocco: Retrospective analysis from 2019 to 2022 Prof. Adil Zegmout, Asst-Prof. Dalal Zagaouch, Asst-Prof. Maria El-Arbaoui, Mr. Abdelfattah Bouida, Dr. Nadia El-Barnoussi, Asst-Prof. Mahassine Amensour, Dr. Dalal Lambatten 3. Role of Abdominal Drain Post Open Appendectomy for Perforated Appendicitis Among acute appendicitis patients admitted to surgical ward in Al-Thawra Modern General Hospital and Al-Kuwait University Hospital from march 2022 to march 2023 Prof. Mohammed Ali Issa, Co-Prof. Yasser Abdurabu Obadiel, Dr. Abdulbaset Ahmed Hasen Al-Tanobi
Hereditary blood diseases in Jeddah (Sickle Cell Anemia – Thalassemia)
The study examined the economic and social characteristics of patients with Sickle Cell Anemia and Mediterranean Anemia in the city of Jeddah. They are among the hereditary blood diseases spread throughout the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study aims to identify the economic and social characteristics of patients and reveals the relationship between parents undergoing pre-marital examination and transmission of the disease. To achieve this goal, the study relied on the field study approach to collect data through the use of a questionnaire and distributing it to patients. The study showed that 90% of people with the disease had parents that didn’t take a pre-marital test, which indicates the presence of a significant relationship between parents undergoing pre-marital examination and transmission of the disease. The study also showed that 75.6% of patients fathers have stopped school education after primary school, and 33.3% of patients mothers are illiterate or cannot read or write. The researcher recommends the necessity of issuing laws and legislation that regulate or oblige both parties to the marriage to take the results of the examination into account and not to complete the marriage if it is an unsafe marriage, that is, there is a high possibility of transmitting the disease to children.
Medical Students’ Perceptions of Online Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Kuwait University: A National Survey
This study aimed to investigate the perceptions of Kuwait University (KU) medical students towards the online education during the COVID-19 pandemic—identifying the advantages and disadvantages of its use. An electronic questionnaire consisting of 28 questions was distributed from 15 February 2021 to 15 August 2021 to a nationally representative sample of all undergraduate medical students of KU via their university email addresses. A sample of 518 analytically valid responses was collected from 986 students (response rate = 52.5%). Most of the participating students (62.5%) considered their level of computer literacy to be intermediate. The number of hours spent on online learning increased dramatically during the COVID-19 crisis for all students from different phases. Avoiding traffic was the main perceived advantage of online learning (83.2%), while the main substantial drawback was having trouble connecting to the internet (72.58%). Most students (66.21%) believed that online learning had failed to replace the clinical teaching they had experienced before the pandemic. This study concluded that online learning was perceived with overall positive attitude among students suggesting it is a potentially valuable tool in delivering medical teaching. However, it failed to replace clinical and practical teaching, which are the core of medical training. It is recommended to improve the awareness level among tutors as well as the students, regarding the usefulness of online learning system, in addition to offer the required training and support to ensure the efficiency.
Ovarian Torsion in Pregnancy: A Case Report
The ovary's Torsion is the adnexa's total or partial rotation around its vascular axis or pedicle. Although the exact etiology is unknown, common predisposing factors include a moderately sized cyst, free mobility, and a long pedicle. Torsion of ovarian tumours predominantly occurs in the reproductive age group. Most cases are presented in pregnant women (22.7%) compared to non-pregnant women (6.1%). Here, we report a case of ovarian torsion in pregnancy. Ovarian torsion is an urgent gynaecological condition that can occur during pregnancy. Surgical intervention should be considered in developing adnexal torsion regardless of gestational age.
Table of Content: 1. Hereditary blood diseases in Jeddah (Sickle Cell Anemia – Thalassemia) Amna Sami Jamal Al-Lail, Nadia Rafed Al-Obaidi 2. Medical Students’ Perceptions of Online Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Kuwait University: A National Survey Amar Ali Alnaqi, Ali Jasim Buabbas, Nada Jalal Jaafar, Aminah Mohammed Alawadi, Hamza Mohammed Alshawaf 3. Ovarian Torsion in Pregnancy: A Case Report Yasmeen Hassan Albadrani
Effect of diet and dietary habits on Jaws of ancient and modern Population in Sudan
Background: The masticatory units are highly affected by diet and dietary habits which are reflected on the jaw size and occlusion. There are morphological differences between the modern population and ancient, like jaws of modern population are smaller, .and project less than those of equivalent sized ancient. Aim: To determine the effect of diet and dietary habits on jaws size (width and length) in both modern and ancient. Method: Across sectional study was done in Khartoum state, comparing ancient from Marawi (albejrawya) and modern population in Khartoum state. 44 samples, 22 jaws of ancient and 22 modern populations participate. The 22 ancient remains were examined and measured directly, while the 22 modern participants filled the diet and dietary questioner then examined orally and the findings recorded on the examination sheet. The jaws measurements for living were done on radiological (OPG&CBCT). Statistical analyses of the data set included univariate analysis to show the relative frequency distribution of each variable on the dental examination sheet. Results: According to the result of overall the median of ancient jaw size maxilla vertical length was 2cm and modern population was1.4cm. The median length of mandible in ancient was 14.1cm and modern population was 13.2cm. The width was 5.2cm in ancient mandible and 4.5cm in modern population mandible. The median width of maxilla ancient was 5.6cm and modern population was 5.3cm.
Hand Grip and Pinch Strength in a Healthy Children Norms for 6 to 18 Years in Al-Kharj City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Background: Measuring and comparing grip and pinch strengths with their normative data is a valid method to detect intensity of the numerous damages of hand. The aim of the study was to establish the normative data of grip strength and three types of pinch strengths (Key, Tip and Palmar) in healthy Saudi’s children. Method: In this cross-sectional study, of grip strength and three types of pinch strengths (Tip, Key and Palmar) were recorded for 82 healthy children (41 boys and 41 girls) heathy children aged 7-18 years. The Camry Electronic Hand Dynamometer and Hydraulic Pinch Gauge were used to measure grip strength and pinch strength, respectively. Result: Normative data of grip and pinch strengths were provided. Grip and pinch strengths of both genders were close to each other’s and increasing consistently with increasing age. The maximum grip strength and pinch strength was obtained in the group of 14-18 years among both genders. In addition: Study results showed that there was a significant association between weight and all the hand grip strength and pinch strength (p < 0.05) in boys whereas BMI considered as an effective parameter on grip strength and tip pinch strength in girls. Conclusions: Findings from the present study provide reference values for hand grip strength and pinch strength for healthy children from 6- which will be useful to guide rehabilitation outcomes in routine clinical practice.18 years of age which will be useful to guide rehabilitation outcomes in routine clinical practice.